If you're positive that everything is fine on the hardware level (e.g. sound card functional, leads functional, equipment connected correctly), here are the things you should check on the software side to troubleshoot audio recordings:
- Make sure the appropriate sound card/driver is selected in the application you're using for the audio recording.
- Make sure the Windows/sound card recording mixer is configured properly. Unfortunately, it's not possible to give one single, accurate guide on this, as this software interface varies depending on different factors, like your sound hardware/driver. In most cases you would bring up the Windows sound card mixer (e.g. by double-clicking on the grey speaker icon in the lower right-hand corner), switch to the recording mixer via "Options" => "Properties" and make sure the "line in" socket is selected for recording (if applicable) and its volume slider is up. If the recording source cannot be selected in your case and there's just a general recording level slider, make sure that one is up. You might want to mute other sources, so they don't interfere with your line in recording.
- Some sound hardware uses a proprietary tool to configure the mixer settings. Please check your documentation if this applies to you.
With the mixer configured correctly, attempt your recording again.